Unit 10: Risk Management in Quality Control
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in Performance Management in Quality Control course at London School of Business and Administration. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) #
A specified maximum number of defective items in a sample from a lot, which, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the maximum number of defectives considered unsatisfactory as a condition of acceptance. Related terms: Lot, Sampling inspection, Defective item.
Control Chart #
A graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data is plotted in time order. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit, and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are determined from historical data. Related terms: Process control, Statistical process control.
Corrective Action #
Steps taken to eliminate the root cause of a detected nonconformity and to prevent recurrence. Related terms: Nonconformity, Root cause analysis.
Defect #
A departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level or state that could lead to the failure of the product to meet customer requirements. Related terms: Quality characteristic, Customer requirement.
Defective Item #
An item that does not conform to the specified requirements. Related terms: Conformity, Specified requirements.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) #
A structured approach for identifying and preventing potential failures in a system or product. It involves analyzing each component of the system or product to identify how it could fail, the effects of that failure, and how to mitigate the risk of failure. Related terms: Potential failure, Risk mitigation.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) #
A systematic approach to identifying and preventing biological, chemical, and physical hazards in food production. It involves analyzing each step of the production process to identify where hazards could occur, and implementing controls to prevent or reduce the risk of those hazards. Related terms: Biological hazard, Chemical hazard, Physical hazard.
Incident Management #
The process of identifying, investigating, and resolving incidents that have occurred in a system or product. Related terms: Incident, Resolution.
Lot #
A specific quantity of product accumulated under uniform conditions and identified as a unit. Related terms: Acceptable Quality Level, Sampling inspection.
Nonconformity #
A failure to meet one or more specified requirements. Related terms: Specified requirements, Conformity.
Operational Risk #
The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Related terms: Loss, Internal processes, People, Systems, External events.
Process Capability #
The ability of a process to produce output within specified limits. Related terms: Process, Specified limits.
Quality Audit #
A systematic review and evaluation of a quality management system to ensure that it is in compliance with specified requirements and is effectively implemented and maintained. Related terms: Quality management system, Compliance, Specified requirements.
Quality Control #
A process that ensures that a product or service meets the specified requirements and is of the desired quality. Related terms: Product, Service, Specified requirements.
Quality Management System (QMS) #
A set of interrelated or interacting elements that provide a framework for the management of quality in an organization. Related terms: Quality, Organization.
Reliability #
The ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time. Related terms: System, Component, Required functions, Stated conditions, Specified period of time.
Risk #
The possibility of harm or loss. Related terms: Harm, Loss.
Risk Assessment #
The process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks. Related terms: Identifying, Evaluating, Prioritizing.
Risk Management #
The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks. Related terms: Identifying, Assessing, Controlling.
Root Cause Analysis #
A method of problem solving that tries to identify the underlying causes of a problem or nonconformity. Related terms: Problem solving, Underlying causes.
Sample #
A subset of a population selected for the purpose of inspection. Related terms: Population, Inspection.
Sampling Inspection #
A method of inspection in which only a portion of the lot is inspected. Related terms: Lot, Inspection.
Statistical Process Control (SPC) #
A method of quality control that uses statistical methods to monitor and control a process. Related terms: Quality control, Statistical methods, Process.
Variability #
The degree to which data points in a data set differ from each other. Related terms: Data set, Data points.
Verification #
The process of checking that a product or service meets the specified requirements. Related terms: Product, Service, Specified requirements.
Validation #
The process of checking that a product or service will meet the user's needs and expectations. Related terms: Product, Service, User's needs and expectations.
Yield #
The percentage of units produced that meet the specified requirements. Related terms: Units, Specified requirements.
Sources: #
Sources:
ASQ (2015). Glossary of Quality Terms. Retrieved from <https #
//asq.org/quality-resources/glossary>
ISO (2015). ISO 9000 #
2015 Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary. Retrieved from
AIAG (2017). IATF 16949 #
2016 Automotive Quality Management Systems – Requirements. Retrieved from
FDA (2019). Hazard Analysis and Risk #
Based Preventive Controls for Human Food. Retrieved from
FAO (2020). Food Safety Management #
Guidelines for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls (HARPC) Systems. Retrieved from
NIST (2021). Glossary of Key Information Security Terms. Retrieved from <https #
//csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/operational_risk>
AIAG (2021). Process Control Glossary. Retrieved from <https #
//www.aiag.org/store/process-control-glossary>
AIAG (2021). VDA Volume 4 #
Quality Management. Retrieved from
AIAG (2021). VDA Volume 5 #
Production Processes and Product Verification. Retrieved from
AIAG (2021). VDA Volume 6 #
Statistical Methods and Measurement Systems Analysis. Retrieved from
ISO (2021). ISO 14001 #
2015 Environmental management systems – Requirements with guidance for use. Retrieved from
ISO (2021). ISO 45001 #
2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for use. Retrieved from
IEEE (2021). IEEE Std 610.12 #
2019 - IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology. Retrieved from
IEEE (2021). IEEE Std 828 #
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