English for Air Traffic Control
Expert-defined terms from the Specialist Certification in Teaching English for Aviation Purposes course at London School of Business and Administration. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
AAL is an Aeronautical Administrative Letter used by air traffic control… #
Related terms include NOTAM, which is a Notice to Airmen, and AIP, which is an Aeronautical Information Publication. AALs are typically used to convey information that is not time-critical, but is still important for pilots to know. For example, an AAL might inform pilots of a change in the location of a navigation aid or a new procedure for landing at a particular airport.
ACAS stands for Aircraft Collision Avoidance System , which is a system us… #
Related terms include TCAS, which is a Traffic Collision Avoidance System, and GPWS, which is a Ground Proximity Warning System. ACAS works by monitoring the distance between aircraft and alerting pilots if another aircraft is too close. For example, if two aircraft are on a collision course, ACAS will alert the pilots and provide instructions on how to avoid the collision.
AD is an Aerodrome , which is a term used to refer to an airport or airfie… #
Related terms include ARP, which is an Aerodrome Reference Point, and AGL, which is Above Ground Level. ADs are typically equipped with facilities such as runways, taxiways, and terminals. For example, a pilot might say "I am approaching the AD at Paris" to indicate that they are approaching the airport at Paris.
Aeronautical Information Publication is an AIP , which is a publication th… #
Related terms include AIC, which is an Aeronautical Information Circular, and AMDT, which is an Amendment. AIPs are typically published by national aviation authorities and are used by pilots to plan flights and navigate through airspace. For example, a pilot might consult an AIP to determine the location of a particular navigation aid or to learn about any restrictions on flying in a particular area.
Aeronautical Information Service is an AIS , which is a service that provi… #
Related terms include AIS publications, which include AIPs and AICs, and AIS offices, which are responsible for collecting and disseminating aeronautical information. AISs are typically provided by national aviation authorities and are used to support safe and efficient flight operations. For example, a pilot might contact an AIS office to request information about weather conditions or airspace restrictions.
AIDC stands for Aeronautical Information Data Chain , which is a system us… #
Related terms include AIXM, which is an Aeronautical Information eXchange Model, and AMDB, which is an Aeronautical Multimedia Database. AIDCs are typically used by national aviation authorities to manage aeronautical information and provide it to pilots and other airspace users. For example, an AIDC might be used to collect and disseminate information about navigation aids, airspace restrictions, and weather conditions.
AIRAC stands for Aeronautical Information Regulation And Control , which i… #
Related terms include AIRAC dates, which are the dates on which aeronautical information is updated, and AIRAC cycles, which are the cycles of updates to aeronautical information. AIRACs are typically used by national aviation authorities to ensure that aeronautical information is accurate and up-to-date. For example, an AIRAC might be used to update information about airspace restrictions or navigation aids.
Airport is an airfield or aerodrome , which is a term used to refer… #
Related terms include ARP, which is an Airport Reference Point, and AGL, which is Above Ground Level. Airports are typically equipped with facilities such as runways, taxiways, and terminals. For example, a pilot might say "I am approaching the airport at Paris" to indicate that they are approaching the airport at Paris.
ALT stands for Altitude , which is a term used to refer to the height of a… #
Related terms include AGL, which is Above Ground Level, and MSL, which is Mean Sea Level. ALT is typically measured in feet or meters and is used to determine an aircraft's position in the airspace. For example, a pilot might say "I am at an ALT of 10,000 feet" to indicate that they are at a height of 10,000 feet above a reference point.
AMDT stands for Amendment , which is a term used to refer to a change or u… #
Related terms include AIP, which is an Aeronautical Information Publication, and AIC, which is an Aeronautical Information Circular. AMDTs are typically used to update aeronautical information and ensure that it is accurate and up-to-date. For example, an AMDT might be used to update information about airspace restrictions or navigation aids.
AOCC stands for Airline Operations Control Center , which is a facility us… #
Related terms include AOC, which is an Airline Operations Center, and OCC, which is an Operations Control Center. AOCCs are typically used by airlines to plan and execute flights, manage crews and aircraft, and respond to disruptions. For example, an AOCC might be used to coordinate the response to a flight delay or cancellation.
AOC stands for Airline Operations Center , which is a facility used by air… #
Related terms include AOCC, which is an Airline Operations Control Center, and OCC, which is an Operations Control Center. AOCs are typically used by airlines to plan and execute flights, manage crews and aircraft, and respond to disruptions. For example, an AOC might be used to coordinate the response to a flight delay or cancellation.
APCH stands for Approach , which is a term used to refer to the phase of f… #
Related terms include APP, which is an Approach procedure, and IAP, which is an Instrument Approach Procedure. APCHs are typically managed by air traffic control and involve a series of steps and procedures to ensure safe and efficient landing. For example, a pilot might say "I am beginning my APCH to the airport" to indicate that they are starting the approach phase of flight.
APV stands for Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance , which is a type… #
Related terms include IAP, which is an Instrument Approach Procedure, and LPV, which is a Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance. APVs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise guidance on altitude and descent rate. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying an APV approach to the airport" to indicate that they are using a procedure with vertical guidance.
ARP stands for Aerodrome Reference Point , which is a term used to refer t… #
Related terms include AD, which is an Aerodrome, and AGL, which is Above Ground Level. ARPs are typically used as a reference point for navigation and are often located near the center of the airport. For example, a pilot might say "I am approaching the ARP at Paris" to indicate that they are approaching the reference point at the airport.
ASAS stands for Airborne Separation Assurance System , which is a system u… #
Related terms include ASDE, which is an Airport Surface Detection Equipment, and ASR, which is an Airport Surveillance Radar. ASASs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide pilots with real-time information on the location and distance of other aircraft. For example, an ASAS might be used to alert pilots to the presence of another aircraft in the vicinity.
ASDE stands for Airport Surface Detection Equipment , which is a system us… #
Related terms include ASR, which is an Airport Surveillance Radar, and ASAS, which is an Airborne Separation Assurance System. ASDEs are typically used in low-visibility conditions and provide air traffic control with real-time information on the location and movement of aircraft and vehicles. For example, an ASDE might be used to track the movement of an aircraft on the taxiway.
ASR stands for Airport Surveillance Radar , which is a system used to dete… #
Related terms include ASDE, which is an Airport Surface Detection Equipment, and ASAS, which is an Airborne Separation Assurance System. ASRs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with real-time information on the location and distance of aircraft. For example, an ASR might be used to track the approach of an aircraft to the airport.
ATC stands for Air Traffic Control , which is a service provided by air tr… #
Related terms include ATCO, which is an Air Traffic Controller, and ATFM, which is an Air Traffic Flow Management. ATCs are typically responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient movement of aircraft through airspace and are used to prevent collisions and minimize delays. For example, a pilot might say "I am contacting ATC to request clearance for takeoff" to indicate that they are seeking permission to depart.
ATCO stands for Air Traffic Controller , which is a person responsible for… #
Related terms include ATC, which is an Air Traffic Control, and ATFM, which is an Air Traffic Flow Management. ATCOs are typically trained to manage high-stress situations and are responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient movement of aircraft through airspace. For example, an ATCO might say "I am clearing you for takeoff" to indicate that a pilot has permission to depart.
ATFM stands for Air Traffic Flow Management , which is a system used to ma… #
Related terms include ATC, which is an Air Traffic Control, and ATCO, which is an Air Traffic Controller. ATFMs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with real-time information on the location and distance of aircraft. For example, an ATFM might be used to manage the flow of air traffic during peak periods.
ATS stands for Air Traffic Services , which is a term used to refer to the… #
ATSs are typically responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient movement of aircraft through airspace and are used to prevent collisions and minimize delays. For example, a pilot might say "I am requesting ATS to provide clearance for takeoff" to indicate that they are seeking permission to depart.
AWOS stands for Automated Weather Observing System , which is a system use… #
Related terms include ASOS, which is an Automated Surface Observing System, and AWSS, which is an Automated Weather Surveillance System. AWOSs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise information on weather conditions, such as wind direction and speed, visibility, and precipitation. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the AWOS for the latest weather information" to indicate that they are seeking real-time weather data.
AZBA stands for Altimeter Setting , which is a term used to refer to the s… #
Related terms include QNH, which is the barometric pressure at sea level, and QFE, which is the barometric pressure at the airport elevation. AZBAs are typically used to ensure that an aircraft's altimeter is accurate and reflects the local barometric pressure. For example, a pilot might say "I am setting my AZBA to 1013" to indicate that they are setting their altimeter to reflect the local barometric pressure.
BARO stands for Barometric , which is a term used to refer to the measurem… #
BAROs are typically used in aviation to determine an aircraft's altitude and are measured in inches of mercury or millibars. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the BARO to determine my altitude" to indicate that they are using the barometric pressure to determine their height.
CAT stands for Clear Air Turbulence , which is a type of turbulence that o… #
Related terms include CB, which is a Cumulonimbus cloud, and TURB, which is turbulence. CATs are typically encountered in high-altitude flight and can be hazardous to aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am experiencing CAT" to indicate that they are encountering clear air turbulence.
CDR stands for Cockpit Data Recorder , which is a device used to record da… #
Related terms include CVR, which is a Cockpit Voice Recorder, and FDR, which is a Flight Data Recorder. CDRs are typically used to investigate accidents and incidents and provide valuable information on the performance of the aircraft and the actions of the pilots. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the CDR to see what happened during the flight" to indicate that they are reviewing the data from the cockpit.
CIS stands for Common ICAO Surveillance , which is a system used to provid… #
Related terms include ASR, which is an Airport Surveillance Radar, and ASDE, which is an Airport Surface Detection Equipment. CISs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with real-time information on the location and distance of aircraft. For example, a CIS might be used to track the movement of an aircraft on the taxiway.
CPDLC stands for Controller #
Pilot Data Link Communications, which is a system used to provide data link communications between air traffic control and aircraft. Related terms include ATC, which is an Air Traffic Control, and CPD, which is a Controller-Pilot Data. CPDLCs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with real-time information on the location and distance of aircraft. For example, a CPDLC might be used to clear an aircraft for takeoff or to provide instructions on how to navigate through the airspace.
CTA stands for Control Area , which is a term used to refer to a designate… #
Related terms include CTR, which is a Control Zone, and TMA, which is a Terminal Control Area. CTAs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with the authority to manage and coordinate the movement of aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am entering the CTA" to indicate that they are entering the control area.
CTR stands for Control Zone , which is a term used to refer to a designate… #
Related terms include CTA, which is a Control Area, and TMA, which is a Terminal Control Area. CTRs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide air traffic control with the authority to manage and coordinate the movement of aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am entering the CTR" to indicate that they are entering the control zone.
D-ATIS stands for Digitized Automatic Terminal Information Service , which… #
Related terms include ATIS, which is an Automatic Terminal Information Service, and VOLMET, which is a Volcanic Ash Advisory. D-ATISs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise information on weather conditions, such as wind direction and speed, visibility, and precipitation. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the D-ATIS for the latest weather information" to indicate that they are seeking real-time weather data.
DA stands for Decision Altitude , which is a term used to refer to the alt… #
Related terms include DH, which is a Decision Height, and MDA, which is a Minimum Descent Altitude. DAs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with a clear decision point on whether to continue with an approach. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the DA" to indicate that they are at the decision altitude.
DH stands for Decision Height , which is a term used to refer to the heigh… #
Related terms include DA, which is a Decision Altitude, and MDA, which is a Minimum Descent Altitude. DHs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with a clear decision point on whether to continue with an approach. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the DH" to indicate that they are at the decision height.
DME stands for Distance Measuring Equipment , which is a system used to me… #
Related terms include VOR, which is a VHF Omnidirectional Range, and NDB, which is a Non-Directional Beacon. DMEs are typically used in navigation and provide pilots with precise information on their distance from a navigation aid. For example, a pilot might say "I am using DME to navigate" to indicate that they are using distance measuring equipment to determine their position.
DP stands for Departure Procedure , which is a term used to refer to a sta… #
Related terms include SID, which is a Standard Instrument Departure, and ODP, which is an Obstacle Departure Procedure. DPs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with a clear and safe procedure for departing from an airport. For example, a pilot might say "I am following the DP" to indicate that they are following the departure procedure.
EFB stands for Electronic Flight Bag , which is a device used to store and… #
Related terms include EFBs, which are Electronic Flight Bags, and tablets, which are portable electronic devices. EFBs are typically used by pilots to access and display critical information, such as navigation charts and weather data, and to support safe and efficient flight operations. For example, a pilot might say "I am using my EFB to access the navigation charts" to indicate that they are using an electronic flight bag to access critical information.
EGPWS stands for Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System , which is a sys… #
Related terms include GPWS, which is a Ground Proximity Warning System, and TAWS, which is a Terrain Awareness and Warning System. EGPWSs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise warnings of potential collisions with terrain. For example, a pilot might say "I am receiving an EGPWS warning" to indicate that they are receiving a warning of a potential collision with terrain.
ETOPS stands for Extended Twin #
Engine Operational Performance Standards, which is a term used to refer to the standards and guidelines for operating twin-engine aircraft. Related terms include ETOPS ratings, which are the ratings assigned to aircraft based on their performance and reliability, and ETOPS limitations, which are the limitations and restrictions on the operation of twin-engine aircraft. ETOPSs are typically used to ensure the safe and efficient operation of twin-engine aircraft and provide a framework for airlines and regulators to follow. For example, a pilot might say "I am operating under ETOPS" to indicate that they are following the standards and guidelines for operating a twin-engine aircraft.
FDP stands for Flight Data Processing , which is a term used to refer to t… #
Related terms include FDR, which is a Flight Data Recorder, and QAR, which is a Quick Access Recorder. FDPs are typically used by airlines and regulators to analyze and improve flight operations and provide valuable insights into the performance of aircraft and pilots. For example, a pilot might say "I am using FDP to analyze my flight data" to indicate that they are using flight data processing to review and improve their performance.
FIR stands for Flight Information Region , which is a term used to refer t… #
Related terms include UIR, which is an Upper Information Region, and AFR, which is an Area of Flight Rules. FIRs are typically used in high-density airspace and provide pilots with critical information on weather, navigation, and other flight-related data. For example, a pilot might say "I am entering the FIR" to indicate that they are entering the flight information region.
FL stands for Flight Level , which is a term used to refer to the altitude… #
Related terms include ALT, which is an Altitude, and AGL, which is Above Ground Level. FLs are typically used in aviation to determine an aircraft's altitude and are measured in thousands of feet. For example, a pilot might say "I am at FL350" to indicate that they are at an altitude of 35,000 feet.
FMS stands for Flight Management System , which is a system used to manage… #
Related terms include FMC, which is a Flight Management Computer, and FMGS, which is a Flight Management and Guidance System. FMSs are typically used by pilots to plan and execute flights, manage fuel and navigation, and respond to disruptions. For example, a pilot might say "I am using the FMS to navigate" to indicate that they are using the flight management system to determine their position and navigate through the airspace.
FPL stands for Flight Plan , which is a term used to refer to a document t… #
Related terms include FPR, which is a Flight Plan Route, and FPA, which is a Flight Plan Amendment. FPLs are typically used by pilots to plan and execute flights and provide critical information on the planned route, altitude, and other flight-related data. For example, a pilot might say "I am filing a FPL" to indicate that they are submitting a flight plan to air traffic control.
FPR stands for Flight Plan Route , which is a term used to refer to the pl… #
Related terms include FPL, which is a Flight Plan, and FPA, which is a Flight Plan Amendment. FPRs are typically used by pilots to plan and execute flights and provide critical information on the planned route and altitude. For example, a pilot might say "I am following the FPR" to indicate that they are following the planned route.
GCA stands for Ground Controlled Approach , which is a term used to refer… #
Related terms include ILS, which is an Instrument Landing System, and PAR, which is a Precision Approach Radar. GCAs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise guidance on altitude and descent rate. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying a GCA approach" to indicate that they are using a ground-controlled approach procedure.
GPWS stands for Ground Proximity Warning System , which is a system used t… #
Related terms include EGPWS, which is an Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System, and TAWS, which is a Terrain Awareness and Warning System. GPWSs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise warnings of potential collisions with terrain. For example, a pilot might say "I am receiving a GPWS warning" to indicate that they are receiving a warning of a potential collision with terrain.
HEL stands for Heliport , which is a term used to refer to a facility desi… #
Related terms include Heli, which is a helicopter, and APR, which is an Aerodrome Reference Point. HELs are typically equipped with facilities such as helipads, taxiways, and terminals. For example, a pilot might say "I am approaching the HEL" to indicate that they are approaching the heliport.
IFR stands for Instrument Flight Rules , which is a term used to refer to… #
Related terms include VFR, which is Visual Flight Rules, and IMC, which is Instrument Meteorological Conditions. IFRs are typically used in low-visibility conditions and provide pilots with a framework for safe and efficient flight operations. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying IFR" to indicate that they are flying in instrument meteorological conditions.
ILS stands for Instrument Landing System , which is a system used to provi… #
Related terms include GCA, which is a Ground Controlled Approach, and PAR, which is a Precision Approach Radar. ILSs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise guidance on altitude and descent rate. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying an ILS approach" to indicate that they are using an instrument landing system.
IMC stands for Instrument Meteorological Conditions , which is a term used… #
Related terms include IFR, which is Instrument Flight Rules, and VFR, which is Visual Flight Rules. IMCs are typically characterized by low visibility, clouds, or other weather conditions that make it difficult for pilots to navigate visually. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying in IMC" to indicate that they are flying in instrument meteorological conditions.
IP stands for Initial Point , which is a term used to refer to the startin… #
Related terms include FAF, which is a Final Approach Fix, and MAP, which is a Missed Approach Point. IPs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with a clear starting point for an approach procedure. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the IP" to indicate that they are at the initial point.
LDA stands for Landing Distance Available , which is a term used to refer… #
Related terms include LDR, which is a Landing Distance Required, and TODA, which is a Takeoff Distance Available. LDAs are typically used by pilots to determine whether they have sufficient distance to land safely on a runway. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the LDA" to indicate that they are checking the distance available for landing.
LDR stands for Landing Distance Required , which is a term used to refer t… #
Related terms include LDA, which is a Landing Distance Available, and TODR, which is a Takeoff Distance Required. LDRs are typically used by pilots to determine whether they have sufficient distance to land safely on a runway. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the LDR" to indicate that they are checking the distance required for landing.
MEA stands for Minimum Enroute Altitude , which is a term used to refer to… #
Related terms include MOCA, which is a Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude, and MSA, which is a Minimum Sector Altitude. MEAs are typically used by pilots to ensure that they are flying at a safe altitude and are not in danger of colliding with obstacles or other aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the MEA" to indicate that they are at the minimum enroute altitude.
METAR stands for Meteorological Aerodrome Report , which is a term used to… #
Related terms include TAF, which is a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast, and SPECI, which is a Special Weather Report. METARs are typically used by pilots to determine the weather conditions at their destination and to plan their flight accordingly. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the METAR" to indicate that they are checking the weather report for the airport.
MFA stands for Minimum Flight Altitude , which is a term used to refer to… #
Related terms include MEA, which is a Minimum Enroute Altitude, and MOCA, which is a Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude. MFAs are typically used by pilots to ensure that they are flying at a safe altitude and are not in danger of colliding with obstacles or other aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the MFA" to indicate that they are at the minimum flight altitude.
MOCA stands for Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude , which is a term u… #
Related terms include MEA, which is a Minimum Enroute Altitude, and MSA, which is a Minimum Sector Altitude. MOCAs are typically used by pilots to ensure that they are flying at a safe altitude and are not in danger of colliding with obstacles or other aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the MOCA" to indicate that they are at the minimum obstruction clearance altitude.
MSA stands for Minimum Sector Altitude , which is a term used to refer to… #
MSAs are typically used by pilots to ensure that they are flying at a safe altitude and are not in danger of colliding with obstacles or other aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the MSA" to indicate that they are at the minimum sector altitude.
MTA stands for Minimum Turning Altitude , which is a term used to refer to… #
MTAs are typically used by pilots to ensure that they are flying at a safe altitude and are not in danger of colliding with obstacles or other aircraft. For example, a pilot might say "I am at the MTA" to indicate that they are at the minimum turning altitude.
NDB stands for Non #
Directional Beacon, which is a type of navigation aid that provides a signal to aircraft but does not provide direction. Related terms include VOR, which is a VHF Omnidirectional Range, and DME, which is a Distance Measuring Equipment. NDBs are typically used in navigation and provide pilots with precise information on their location and distance from the navigation aid. For example, a pilot might say "I am using the NDB to navigate" to indicate that they are using a non-directional beacon to determine their position.
NOTAM stands for Notice to Airmen , which is a term used to refer to a not… #
NOTAMs are typically used by pilots to determine the status of airspace and airports and to plan their flight accordingly. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the NOTAM" to indicate that they are checking the notice to airmen for the airport.
OAT stands for Outside Air Temperature , which is a term used to refer to… #
Related terms include SAT, which is a Static Air Temperature, and TAT, which is a Total Air Temperature. OATs are typically used by pilots to determine the temperature of the air and to plan their flight accordingly. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the OAT" to indicate that they are checking the outside air temperature.
ODP stands for Obstacle Departure Procedure , which is a term used to refe… #
Related terms include SID, which is a Standard Instrument Departure, and DP, which is a Departure Procedure. ODPs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with a clear and safe procedure for departing from an airport. For example, a pilot might say "I am following the ODP" to indicate that they are following the obstacle departure procedure.
PAR stands for Precision Approach Radar , which is a system used to provid… #
Related terms include ILS, which is an Instrument Landing System, and GCA, which is a Ground Controlled Approach. PARs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise guidance on altitude and descent rate. For example, a pilot might say "I am flying a PAR approach" to indicate that they are using a precision approach radar.
PAPI stands for Precision Approach Path Indicator , which is a system used… #
Related terms include VASI, which is a Visual Approach Slope Indicator, and ALS, which is an Approach Lighting System. PAPIs are typically used in instrument meteorological conditions and provide pilots with precise visual guidance on their approach path. For example, a pilot might say "I am using the PAPI to guide my approach" to indicate that they are using a precision approach path indicator.
PBN stands for Performance #
Based Navigation, which is a term used to refer to the use of performance-based navigation systems to support safe and efficient flight operations. Related terms include RNAV, which is an Area Navigation, and RNP, which is a Required Navigation Performance. PBNs are typically used by pilots to determine their position and navigate through airspace and provide a framework for air traffic management and navigation. For example, a pilot might say "I am using PBN to navigate" to indicate that they are using performance-based navigation.
QAR stands for Quick Access Recorder , which is a device used to record da… #
Related terms include FDR, which is a Flight Data Recorder, and CVR, which is a Cockpit Voice Recorder. QARs are typically used to investigate accidents and incidents and provide valuable information on the performance of the aircraft and the actions of the pilots. For example, a pilot might say "I am checking the QAR" to indicate that they are reviewing the data from the quick access recorder.
QNH stands for Barometric Pressure at Sea Level , which is a term used to… #
Related terms include QFE, which is the barometric pressure at the airport elevation, and AZBA, which is an Altimeter Setting. QNHs are typically used by pilots to determine the barometric pressure at sea level and to set their altimeter accordingly. For example, a pilot might say "I am setting my QNH to 1013" to indicate that they are setting their altimeter to reflect the barometric pressure at sea level.
QNHX stands for Barometric Pressure at Sea Level for a Specific Location ,… #
QNHXs are typically used by pilots to determine the barometric pressure at sea level for a specific location and to set their altimeter accordingly. For example, a pilot might say "I am setting my QNHX to 1013" to indicate that they are setting their altimeter to reflect the barometric pressure at sea level for a specific location.