Islamic Jurisprudence
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in Islamic Law (Shariah) (United Kingdom) course at London School of Business and Administration. Free to read, free to share, paired with a professional course.
A'raf refers to the heights or the place where the souls of the deceased reside,… #
In the context of Islamic Jurisprudence, A'raf is related to the concept of barzakh, which is the intermediate state between death and resurrection, where the souls of the deceased are judged and either punished or rewarded. The term A'raf is also associated with the idea of intercession, where the Prophet Muhammad and other righteous individuals will intercede on behalf of the believers on the Day of Judgment. For example, in the Quran, it is stated that the people of A'raf will be able to recognize the believers and the disbelievers, and will be given the power to intercede on behalf of those who are deserving.
Abandonment refers to the act of leaving or deserting something or someone, and… #
The term is related to talaq, which is the Islamic procedure for divorce, and khula, which is the process of a woman seeking a divorce from her husband. For instance, if a husband abandons his wife without providing for her, she may be entitled to seek a divorce through the process of khula. In addition, abandonment can also refer to the act of leaving a bequest or a legacy, and the rules surrounding the distribution of the estate according to Islamic law.
Abrogation refers to the act of canceling or repealing a law or a ruling, and in… #
The term is related to naskh, which is the doctrine of abrogation in Islamic law, and mansukh, which refers to the repealed or canceled law. For example, the Quranic verse that prohibits the consumption of intoxicants was revealed after an earlier verse that allowed it, thereby abrogating the earlier verse. In Islamic Jurisprudence, the doctrine of abrogation is used to resolve conflicts between different rulings or laws, and to determine which one takes precedence.
Absolute ijtihad refers to the absolute authority to interpret Islamic la… #
The term is related to ijtihad, which is the process of independent reasoning and interpretation of Islamic law, and mujtahid, which refers to the scholar who performs ijtihad. For instance, a mujtahid who has achieved the level of absolute ijtihad is considered to be an authority in Islamic law, and their opinions are given significant weight. However, the concept of absolute ijtihad is not universally accepted, and some scholars argue that it is not possible for a single scholar to have absolute authority in interpreting Islamic law.
Accountability refers to the state of being responsible or answerable for one's… #
The term is related to amana, which refers to the trust or responsibility that has been placed on humans by God, and taklif, which refers to the duty or obligation to perform certain actions. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, individuals are considered to be accountable for their actions, and will be judged by God on the Day of Judgment based on their deeds. In addition, accountability can also refer to the concept of hisba, which is the duty of Muslims to enjoin good and forbid evil.
Adab refers to the etiquette or manners of a Muslim, and in the context of Islam… #
The term is related to akhlaq, which refers to the moral character or ethics of a Muslim, and tarbiya, which refers to the education or upbringing of a Muslim. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, adab is considered to be an essential part of a Muslim's life, and is seen as a means of cultivating good character and morals. In addition, adab can also refer to the etiquette of interacting with others, including parents, teachers, and rulers.
Adhan refers to the call to prayer in Islam, and is a concept in Islamic Jurispr… #
The term is related to iqama, which is the second call to prayer that is made immediately before the prayer starts, and salah, which refers to the prayer itself. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, the adhan is considered to be an essential part of the prayer, and is seen as a means of inviting Muslims to perform the prayer. In addition, the adhan can also refer to the call to prayer that is made in mosques and other places of worship.
Adoption refers to the act of taking a child as one's own, and in the context of… #
The term is related to kasb, which refers to the act of acquiring or taking possession of something, and hidana, which refers to the custody or care of a child. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, adoption is not recognized as a means of establishing a parent-child relationship, and the child's biological parents are considered to be their legitimate parents. However, Muslims are encouraged to take care of orphans and other children in need, and to provide for their welfare and upbringing.
Ahl al #
Dhimmah refers to the people of the covenant or the protected people, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to non-Muslims who live in a Muslim state and are protected by the Muslim authorities. The term is related to dhimma, which refers to the covenant or agreement between the Muslim state and the non-Muslims, and jizya, which refers to the tax that is paid by non-Muslims in exchange for protection. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, Ahl al-Dhimmah are considered to be entitled to certain rights and protections, including the right to practice their own religion and to be protected from harm. In addition, Ahl al-Dhimmah are also expected to fulfill certain obligations, including the payment of jizya and obedience to the Muslim authorities.
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Kitab refers to the people of the book, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to Jews and Christians who possess a revealed scripture. The term is related to kitab, which refers to the scripture or book, and ummi, which refers to the unlettered or illiterate prophet. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, Ahl al-Kitab are considered to be entitled to certain rights and protections, including the right to practice their own religion and to be protected from harm. In addition, Ahl al-Kitab are also expected to fulfill certain obligations, including the payment of jizya and obedience to the Muslim authorities.
Akhlaq refers to the moral character or ethics of a Muslim, and is a concept in… #
The term is related to adab, which refers to the etiquette or manners of a Muslim, and tarbiya, which refers to the education or upbringing of a Muslim. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, akhlaq is considered to be an essential part of a Muslim's life, and is seen as a means of cultivating good character and morals. In addition, akhlaq can also refer to the moral character of a Muslim, including traits such as compassion, honesty, and justice.
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'Aql refers to the intellect or reason, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the faculty of reasoning and understanding. The term is related to naql, which refers to the transmission or narration of knowledge, and ijtihad, which refers to the process of independent reasoning and interpretation of Islamic law. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-'Aql is considered to be an essential tool for understanding and interpreting Islamic law, and is seen as a means of cultivating knowledge and wisdom. In addition, al-'Aql can also refer to the use of reason and logic in resolving disputes and making decisions.
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Hadi refers to the guide, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the one who guides or leads others to the right path. The term is related to huda, which refers to the guidance or direction, and irshad, which refers to the guidance or leadership. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Hadi is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of providing guidance and direction to Muslims. In addition, al-Hadi can also refer to the Prophet Muhammad, who is considered to be the ultimate guide and leader of the Muslim community.
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Hukm refers to the judgment or ruling, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the decision or verdict made by a judge or a ruler. The term is related to hakam, which refers to the judge or arbitrator, and qada, which refers to the judgment or decision. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Hukm is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of resolving disputes and making decisions. In addition, al-Hukm can also refer to the judgment of God, which is considered to be the ultimate authority in Islamic law.
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Ilm refers to the knowledge, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the understanding and comprehension of Islamic law. The term is related to ilm, which refers to the knowledge or science, and ulama, which refers to the scholars or learned men. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Ilm is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of cultivating knowledge and understanding of Islamic law. In addition, al-Ilm can also refer to the knowledge of God, which is considered to be the ultimate source of knowledge and wisdom.
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Istidlal refers to the deduction or inference, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on evidence or premises. The term is related to istinbat, which refers to the process of extracting or deriving rules or principles from texts or sources, and qiyas, which refers to the analogical reasoning or deduction. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Istidlal is considered to be an essential tool for interpreting and understanding Islamic law, and is seen as a means of cultivating knowledge and wisdom. In addition, al-Istidlal can also refer to the use of reason and logic in resolving disputes and making decisions.
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Kasb refers to the acquisition or earning, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the act of acquiring or earning something, such as wealth or knowledge. The term is related to kasib, which refers to the one who acquires or earns, and iktisab, which refers to the act of acquiring or earning. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Kasb is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of providing for one's family and community. In addition, al-Kasb can also refer to the acquisition of knowledge or skills, and is considered to be an essential part of a Muslim's life.
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Maslaha refers to the public interest or welfare, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the well-being or benefit of the community. The term is related to maslahat, which refers to the public interest or welfare, and istislah, which refers to the consideration or regard for the public interest. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Maslaha is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting the well-being and benefit of the community. In addition, al-Maslaha can also refer to the consideration of the public interest in making decisions or resolving disputes.
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Muamalat refers to the transactions or dealings, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the interactions or relationships between individuals or groups. The term is related to muamalat, which refers to the transactions or dealings, and muatalat, which refers to the mutual or reciprocal relationships. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Muamalat is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting fairness and justice in transactions and dealings. In addition, al-Muamalat can also refer to the rules and regulations governing transactions and dealings, such as contracts and agreements.
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Murabaha refers to the cost-plus sale, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to a type of sale where the seller discloses the cost of the goods and adds a markup. The term is related to murabaha, which refers to the cost-plus sale, and bai, which refers to the sale or transaction. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Murabaha is considered to be a permissible type of sale, and is seen as a means of promoting fairness and transparency in transactions. In addition, al-Murabaha can also refer to the rules and regulations governing cost-plus sales, such as the disclosure of the cost of the goods and the addition of a markup.
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Muzara'a refers to the sharecropping, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to a type of agricultural partnership where one party provides the land and the other party provides the labor and expertise. The term is related to muzara'a, which refers to the sharecropping, and musaqat, which refers to the sharecropping or partnership. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Muzara'a is considered to be a permissible type of partnership, and is seen as a means of promoting cooperation and mutual benefit. In addition, al-Muzara'a can also refer to the rules and regulations governing sharecropping, such as the division of the crops and the responsibilities of the parties.
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Qada' refers to the judgment or decision, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the verdict or ruling made by a judge or a ruler. The term is related to qada, which refers to the judgment or decision, and hakam, which refers to the judge or arbitrator. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Qada' is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of resolving disputes and making decisions. In addition, al-Qada' can also refer to the judgment of God, which is considered to be the ultimate authority in Islamic law.
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Qiyas refers to the analogical reasoning or deduction, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on analogy or similarity. The term is related to qiyas, which refers to the analogical reasoning or deduction, and istinbat, which refers to the process of extracting or deriving rules or principles from texts or sources. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Qiyas is considered to be an essential tool for interpreting and understanding Islamic law, and is seen as a means of cultivating knowledge and wisdom. In addition, al-Qiyas can also refer to the use of reason and logic in resolving disputes and making decisions.
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Sharh refers to the explanation or interpretation, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the process of explaining or interpreting Islamic law or texts. The term is related to sharh, which refers to the explanation or interpretation, and tafsir, which refers to the interpretation or explanation of the Quran. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Sharh is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding and interpreting Islamic law. In addition, al-Sharh can also refer to the explanation or interpretation of hadith or other Islamic texts.
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Tafwid refers to the delegation or authorization, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the act of delegating or authorizing someone to perform a task or make a decision. The term is related to tafwid, which refers to the delegation or authorization, and wakala, which refers to the agency or representation. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Tafwid is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making. In addition, al-Tafwid can also refer to the delegation of authority to a judge or a ruler, and is considered to be an essential part of the Islamic system of governance.
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Taklif refers to the obligation or duty, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the responsibility or duty that is imposed on an individual or a group. The term is related to taklif, which refers to the obligation or duty, and wajib, which refers to the obligatory or mandatory act. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Taklif is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting responsibility and accountability. In addition, al-Taklif can also refer to the obligation to perform certain acts, such as prayer or charity, and is considered to be an essential part of a Muslim's life.
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Uquba refers to the punishment or penalty, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the punishment or penalty that is imposed on an individual or a group for a wrongdoing or a crime. The term is related to uquba, which refers to the punishment or penalty, and iqab, which refers to the punishment or penalty. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Uquba is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting justice and fairness. In addition, al-Uquba can also refer to the punishment or penalty that is imposed by God, which is considered to be the ultimate authority in Islamic law.
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Wadiah refers to the deposit or trust, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the act of depositing or entrusting something to someone. The term is related to wadiah, which refers to the deposit or trust, and amana, which refers to the trust or responsibility. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Wadiah is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting trust and confidence. In addition, al-Wadiah can also refer to the deposit or trust that is imposed on an individual or a group, such as the trust of a minor or the trust of a charity.
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Wakala refers to the agency or representation, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the act of representing or acting on behalf of someone. The term is related to wakala, which refers to the agency or representation, and tafwid, which refers to the delegation or authorization. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Wakala is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making. In addition, al-Wakala can also refer to the agency or representation that is imposed on an individual or a group, such as the agency of a guardian or the representation of a lawyer.
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Wasiyya refers to the will or testament, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the act of making a will or testament. The term is related to wasiyya, which refers to the will or testament, and iraqa, which refers to the bequest or legacy. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, al-Wasiyya is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting fairness and justice in the distribution of property. In addition, al-Wasiyya can also refer to the rules and regulations governing wills and testaments, such as the requirement of two witnesses and the distribution of the estate according to Islamic law.
Amal refers to the action or deed, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence tha… #
The term is related to amal, which refers to the action or deed, and fiqh, which refers to the understanding or comprehension of Islamic law. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, amal is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting good character and morals. In addition, amal can also refer to the actions or deeds that are considered to be obligatory or recommended in Islamic law, such as prayer or charity.
Amana refers to the trust or responsibility, and is a concept in Islamic Jurispr… #
The term is related to amana, which refers to the trust or responsibility, and wadiah, which refers to the deposit or trust. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, amana is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting trust and confidence. In addition, amana can also refer to the trust or responsibility that is imposed on an individual or a group, such as the trust of a minor or the trust of a charity.
Aqilah refers to the group or party responsible for paying the blood money, and… #
The term is related to aqilah, which refers to the group or party responsible for paying the blood money, and diya, which refers to the blood money or compensation. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, aqilah is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting justice and fairness in cases of homicide or injury. In addition, aqilah can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the payment of blood money, such as the amount of the payment and the parties responsible for paying it.
Asbab al #
Nuzul refers to the occasions or circumstances of revelation, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that refers to the events or circumstances that led to the revelation of a particular verse or passage of the Quran. The term is related to asbab al-nuzul, which refers to the occasions or circumstances of revelation, and tafsir, which refers to the interpretation or explanation of the Quran. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, asbab al-Nuzul is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding the context and meaning of the Quran. In addition, asbab al-Nuzul can also refer to the study of the historical and cultural context in which the Quran was revealed.
Asl refers to the origin or source, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence th… #
The term is related to asl, which refers to the origin or source, and usul, which refers to the principles or sources of Islamic law. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, asl is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding the foundation and basis of Islamic law. In addition, asl can also refer to the original or primary source of a particular rule or principle, such as the Quran or the hadith.
Ayat refers to the signs or verses, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence th… #
The term is related to ayat, which refers to the signs or verses, and quran, which refers to the Quran or the book of God. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, ayat is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding and interpreting the Quran. In addition, ayat can also refer to the signs or miracles that are mentioned in the Quran, such as the miracle of the splitting of the moon.
Bai' refers to the sale or transaction, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudenc… #
The term is related to bai, which refers to the sale or transaction, and murabaha, which refers to the cost-plus sale. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, bai is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting fairness and justice in transactions. In addition, bai can also refer to the rules and regulations governing sales and transactions, such as the requirement of consent and the prohibition of riba or interest.
Barzakh refers to the intermediate state or barrier, and is a concept in Islamic… #
The term is related to barzakh, which refers to the intermediate state or barrier, and akhirah, which refers to the hereafter or the life after death. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, barzakh is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding the nature of the soul and the afterlife. In addition, barzakh can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the treatment of the dead, such as the washing and shrouding of the body.
Bid'a refers to the innovation or novelty, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprud… #
The term is related to bid'a, which refers to the innovation or novelty, and sunna, which refers to the traditional practice or custom of the Prophet Muhammad. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, bid'a is considered to be a controversial concept, and is seen as a means of promoting or prohibiting new or innovative practices. In addition, bid'a can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the introduction of new practices or ideas, such as the requirement of ijma or consensus among the scholars.
Dahr refers to the time or era, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence that r… #
The term is related to dahr, which refers to the time or era, and zaman, which refers to the time or age. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, dahr is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding the historical and cultural context of Islamic law. In addition, dahr can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the calculation of time, such as the Islamic calendar and the timing of prayers.
Dhimma refers to the covenant or protection, and is a concept in Islamic Jurispr… #
The term is related to dhimma, which refers to the covenant or protection, and ahl al-dhimma, which refers to the people of the covenant or the protected people. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, dhimma is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting justice and fairness in the treatment of non-Muslims. In addition, dhimma can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims, such as the prohibition of riba or interest and the requirement of zakat or charity.
Diya refers to the blood money or compensation, and is a concept in Islamic Juri… #
The term is related to diya, which refers to the blood money or compensation, and aqilah, which refers to the group or party responsible for paying the blood money. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, diya is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting justice and fairness in cases of homicide or injury. In addition, diya can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the payment of blood money, such as the amount of the payment and the parties responsible for paying it.
Fard refers to the obligation or duty, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence… #
The term is related to fard, which refers to the obligation or duty, and wajib, which refers to the obligatory or mandatory act. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, fard is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting responsibility and accountability. In addition, fard can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the performance of obligations, such as the requirement of niyya or intention and the prohibition of riba or interest.
Fasiq refers to the rebellious or disobedient, and is a concept in Islamic Juris… #
The term is related to fasiq, which refers to the rebellious or disobedient, and kufr, which refers to the disbelief or rejection of God. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, fasiq is considered to be a controversial concept, and is seen as a means of promoting or prohibiting certain behaviors or actions. In addition, fasiq can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the treatment of rebellious or disobedient individuals, such as the requirement of tawba or repentance and the prohibition of zina or adultery.
Fatwa refers to the opinion or ruling, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprudence… #
The term is related to fatwa, which refers to the opinion or ruling, and ifta, which refers to the act of giving a fatwa. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, fatwa is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting knowledge and understanding of Islamic law. In addition, fatwa can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the giving of fatwa, such as the requirement of ijtihad or independent reasoning and the prohibition of taqlid or blind following.
Fiqh refers to the understanding or comprehension, and is a concept in Islamic J… #
The term is related to fiqh, which refers to the understanding or comprehension, and usul, which refers to the principles or sources of Islamic law. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, fiqh is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of promoting knowledge and understanding of Islamic law. In addition, fiqh can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the interpretation and application of Islamic law, such as the requirement of ijma or consensus among the scholars.
Gharar refers to the uncertainty or ambiguity, and is a concept in Islamic Juris… #
The term is related to gharar, which refers to the uncertainty or ambiguity, and bai, which refers to the sale or transaction. For example, in Islamic Jurisprudence, gharar is considered to be a controversial concept, and is seen as a means of promoting or prohibiting certain transactions or contracts. In addition, gharar can also refer to the rules and regulations governing the treatment of uncertain or ambiguous transactions, such as the requirement of clarity and the prohibition of riba or interest.
Hadith refers to the saying or tradition, and is a concept in Islamic Jurisprude… #
The term is related to hadith, which refers to the saying or tradition, and sunna, which refers to the traditional practice or custom of the Prophet Muhammad. For instance, in Islamic Jurisprudence, hadith is considered to be an essential concept, and is seen as a means of understanding the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad.