International Social Security Coordination
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in Social Security Laws and Payroll Legislation course at London School of Business and Administration. Free to read, free to share, paired with a professional course.
A1 Certificate is a document that confirms a person's social security pos… #
The A1 Certificate is often required for cross-border workers who work in multiple countries. It is essential to obtain an A1 Certificate to avoid double contributions to social security systems. The A1 Certificate is issued by the competent institution of the country where the person is insured.
Abatement refers to the reduction or withholding of social securit… #
Abatement rules vary across countries, and it is crucial to understand these rules to avoid overpayment or underpayment of benefits. For example, some countries may reduce social security benefits by a certain percentage if the beneficiary earns income above a certain threshold.
Access to social security refers to the right or entitlement to so… #
Access to social security is a fundamental principle of social security systems, ensuring that individuals have a basic level of protection against poverty and insecurity. Countries may have different rules and requirements for accessing social security benefits.
Accident insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage f… #
Accident insurance is often mandatory for employers to provide to their employees, and it may be part of a country's social security system. The benefits provided by accident insurance can include medical expenses, disability benefits, and survivor benefits.
Actuarial valuation refers to the process of assessing the fina… #
Actuarial valuation takes into account demographic trends, economic factors, and benefit structures to estimate the long-term financial prospects of the system. This helps policymakers to make informed decisions about the design and financing of social security systems.
Administrative agreement refers to an arrangement between countrie… #
Administrative agreements can cover procedures for exchanging information, coordinating benefits, and resolving disputes. These agreements are essential for efficient and effective social security coordination.
Aggregate contributions refer to the total amount of social securi… #
Aggregate contributions are used to finance social security systems and provide benefits to beneficiaries. The rate of aggregate contributions can impact the solvency of social security systems.
Age limit refers to the maximum age at which a person can claim… #
Age limits vary across countries and programs, and they can be based on retirement age, disability status, or other criteria. Age limits can affect the eligibility of individuals for social security benefits.
Aggregate earnings refer to the total amount of income earn… #
Aggregate earnings are used to determine social security contributions and benefits. The level of aggregate earnings can impact the amount of social security benefits received by an individual.
Annual statement refers to a document that provides an overview… #
Annual statements are usually issued by social security institutions to help individuals track their social security records and plan for retirement.
Annuity benefit refers to a type of pension benefit that provides… #
Annuity benefits are often provided by social security systems or pension plans, and they can be based on contributions or years of service.
Application form refers to a document that must be completed</i… #
Application forms can be obtained from social security institutions or downloaded from their websites. The information provided on the application form is used to determine eligibility for social security benefits.
Appeal procedure refers to the process by which an individual can… #
Appeal procedures vary across countries, but they often involve submitting a written appeal to a review body or tribunal.
Assignment of benefits refers to the transfer of social sec… #
Assignment of benefits can be used to ensure that social security benefits are paid to the correct person or to protect the rights of beneficiaries.
Averaging period refers to the timeframe used to calculate … #
Averaging periods can vary across countries and programs, and they can be based on monthly, quarterly, or annual earnings.
Benefit amount refers to the amount of social security benefits… #
Benefit amounts can be adjusted over time to reflect inflation or other economic factors.
Benefit eligibility refers to the requirements or conditions</i… #
Benefit eligibility can be based on age, residency, citizenship, or other criteria, and it can vary across countries and programs.
Benefit payment refers to the process by which social security … #
Benefit payments can be made on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, depending on the program or country.
Benefit rate refers to the percentage of an individual's earnin… #
Benefit rates can vary across countries and programs, and they can be adjusted over time to reflect inflation or other economic factors.
Benefit structure refers to the design and organization of… #
Benefit structures can vary across countries and programs, and they can be influenced by demographic, economic, and social factors.
Calendar quarter refers to a period of three months within… #
Calendar quarters can be used to determine eligibility for social security benefits or to calculate benefit amounts.
Certification process refers to the procedure by which a social se… #
Certification processes can involve documentary evidence, interviews, or other methods of verification.
Claim form refers to a document that must be completed by a… #
Claim forms can be obtained from social security institutions or downloaded from their websites.
Contribution base refers to the amount of earnings or in… #
Contribution bases can vary across countries and programs, and they can be adjusted over time to reflect inflation or other economic factors.
Contribution ceiling refers to the maximum amount of earnings</… #
Contribution ceilings can vary across countries and programs, and they can be used to limit the amount of contributions paid by high-income earners.
Contribution rate refers to the percentage of an individual's e… #
Contribution rates can vary across countries and programs, and they can be adjusted over time to reflect inflation or other economic factors.
Contribution record refers to the history of an individual's socia… #
Contribution records are used to determine eligibility for social security benefits and to calculate benefit amounts.
Coordination of benefits refers to the process by which soc… #
Coordination of benefits can involve information sharing, agreements, and other arrangements between countries or institutions.
Covered employment refers to work or activities that are su… #
Covered employment can include wages, salaries, or other forms of compensation.
Coverage test refers to the criteria used to determine whet… #
Coverage tests can be based on age, residency, citizenship, or other criteria.
Data exchange refers to the process by which social security in… #
Data exchange can involve electronic or paper transmissions of data.
Death benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to the survivors… #
Death benefits can be provided by social security systems or pension plans.
Deduction at source refers to the process by which social s… #
Deductions at source can be used to ensure timely and accurate payment of social security contributions.
Definition of disability refers to the criteria used to … #
Definitions of disability can vary across countries and programs, and they can be based on medical or functional assessments.
Dependency test refers to the criteria used to determine wh… #
Dependency tests can be based on age, relationship, or other criteria.
Disability benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to an individu… #
Disability benefits can be provided by social security systems or insurance plans.
Disability insurance refers to a type of insurance that provides <… #
Disability insurance can be provided by social security systems, employers, or private insurers.
Earnings record refers to the history of an individual's earnin… #
Earnings records can be maintained by social security institutions or employers.
Earnings test refers to the criteria used to determine whet… #
Earnings tests can be based on age, income level, or other criteria.
Eligibility criteria refer to the requirements or conditions</i… #
Eligibility criteria can be based on age, residency, citizenship, or other criteria.
Employee contribution refers to the amount of social security c… #
Employee contributions can be used to finance social security systems or programs.
Employer contribution refers to the amount of social security c… #
Employer contributions can be used to finance social security systems or programs.
Employment history refers to the record of an individual's work… #
Employment histories can be maintained by social security institutions or employers.
Entitlement to benefits refers to the right or eligibili… #
Entitlement to benefits can be based on age, residency, citizenship, or other criteria.
Exclusion from coverage refers to the rules or criteria<… #
Exclusions from coverage can be based on age, residency, citizenship, or other criteria.
Family benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to families or … #
Family benefits can be provided by social security systems or government programs.
Family income refers to the combined income of all membe… #
Family income can be based on wages, salaries, or other forms of compensation.
Filing status refers to the category or status under which… #
Filing status refers to the category or status under which an individual files their tax return or applies for social security benefits, usually based on marital status, dependency status, or other criteria.
Foreign benefit refers to a social security benefit paid by a fore… #
Foreign benefits can be coordinated with domestic social security benefits to avoid duplication or overlap.
Foreign country refers to a country other than the country in which an in… #
Foreign country refers to a country other than the country in which an individual resides or is a citizen, usually used in the context of international social security agreements or coordination of benefits.
Gross income refers to the total amount of income earned by… #
Gross income refers to the total amount of income earned by an individual before deductions or taxes, usually used to determine eligibility for social security benefits or to calculate benefit amounts.
Health insurance refers to a type of insurance that provides co… #
Health insurance refers to a type of insurance that provides coverage for medical expenses or health care, usually provided by social security systems or private insurers.
Income limit refers to the maximum amount of income that an… #
Income limits can vary across countries and programs, and they can be based on age, residency, or other criteria.
Income test refers to the criteria used to determine whethe… #
Income tests can be based on age, income level, or other criteria.
Indexation of benefits refers to the process of adjusting s… #
Indexation of benefits refers to the process of adjusting social security benefits to reflect inflation or other economic factors, usually to maintain the purchasing power of benefits.
Insurable earnings refer to the amount of earnings or in… #
Insurable earnings can vary across countries and programs, and they can be adjusted over time to reflect inflation or other economic factors.
Insurance period refers to the timeframe during which an individua… #
Insurance period refers to the timeframe during which an individual is covered by social security insurance or a private insurance plan, usually used to determine eligibility for benefits or to calculate benefit amounts.
International agreement refers to a treaty or accord betwee… #
International agreement refers to a treaty or accord between countries that coordinates social security systems or benefits, usually to avoid duplication or overlap and to protect the rights of individuals who work or live abroad.
Investigation procedure refers to the process by which social secu… #
Investigation procedure refers to the process by which social security institutions investigate claims or allegations of fraud or misrepresentation, usually to determine eligibility for benefits or to recover overpayments.
Lifetime earnings refer to the total amount of earnings or… #
Lifetime earnings refer to the total amount of earnings or income earned by an individual over their lifetime, usually used to determine eligibility for social security benefits or to calculate benefit amounts.
Lump #
sum benefit refers to a type of benefit paid as a single payment, usually in the form of a lump-sum amount, rather than as an ongoing benefit.
Maximum benefit refers to the highest amount of social security <b… #
Maximum benefit refers to the highest amount of social security benefits that an individual can receive, usually based on their earnings record or other criteria.
Means test refers to the criteria used to determine whether… #
Means tests can be based on age, income level, or other criteria.
Minimum benefit refers to the lowest amount of social security … #
Minimum benefit refers to the lowest amount of social security benefits that an individual can receive, usually based on their earnings record or other criteria.
Net income refers to the amount of income earned by an indi… #
Net income refers to the amount of income earned by an individual after deductions or taxes, usually used to determine eligibility for social security benefits or to calculate benefit amounts.
Normalization of benefits refers to the process of adjustin… #
Normalization of benefits refers to the process of adjusting social security benefits to reflect inflation or other economic factors, usually to maintain the purchasing power of benefits.
Occupational pension refers to a type of pension plan that is p… #
Occupational pension refers to a type of pension plan that is provided by an employer or industry to their employees, usually based on their years of service or contributions.
Old #
age benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to individuals who have reached a certain age, usually in the form of a monthly payment or ongoing benefits.
Overpayment recovery refers to the process by which social securit… #
Overpayment recovery refers to the process by which social security institutions recover overpayments of benefits, usually through deductions from future benefits or repayment plans.
Pension age refers to the age at which an individual can receiv… #
Pension age refers to the age at which an individual can receive a pension or retirement benefit, usually based on their years of service or contributions.
Pension benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to individuals wh… #
Pension benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to individuals who have retired or reached a certain age, usually in the form of a monthly payment or ongoing benefits.
Pension plan refers to a type of plan that provides retirement<… #
Pension plan refers to a type of plan that provides retirement benefits to individuals, usually based on their years of service or contributions.
Portable benefit refers to a type of benefit that can be taken<… #
Portable benefit refers to a type of benefit that can be taken with an individual when they change jobs or move to a different country, usually to avoid duplication or overlap of benefits.
Presumption of disability refers to the assumption that an… #
Presumption of disability refers to the assumption that an individual is disabled based on certain medical or functional criteria, usually used to determine eligibility for social security benefits.
Private pension refers to a type of pension plan that is provid… #
Private pension refers to a type of pension plan that is provided by a private insurer or employer, usually based on an individual's years of service or contributions.
Qualifying period refers to the timeframe during which an individu… #
Qualifying period refers to the timeframe during which an individual must meet certain requirements or criteria to be eligible for social security benefits or services.
Recovery of benefits refers to the process by which social… #
Recovery of benefits refers to the process by which social security institutions recover overpayments of benefits, usually through deductions from future benefits or repayment plans.
Reduction of benefits refers to the process by which social… #
Reduction of benefits refers to the process by which social security benefits are reduced due to other income or benefits received by the beneficiary, usually to avoid duplication or overlap of benefits.
Refund of contributions refers to the process by which soci… #
Refund of contributions refers to the process by which social security institutions refund excess contributions paid by individuals, usually due to overpayment or error.
Registration process refers to the procedure by which individuals… #
Registration process refers to the procedure by which individuals register for social security benefits or services, usually involving the submission of applications or documentation.
Reimbursement of expenses refers to the process by which so… #
Reimbursement of expenses refers to the process by which social security institutions reimburse individuals for expenses incurred in connection with their benefits or services, usually due to medical or travel expenses.
Replacement rate refers to the percentage of an individual's ea… #
Replacement rate refers to the percentage of an individual's earnings or income that is replaced by social security benefits, usually used to determine the adequacy of benefits.
Residency requirement refers to the criteria used to determine<… #
Residency requirement refers to the criteria used to determine whether an individual is a resident of a country for the purpose of eligibility for social security benefits or services.
Retirement age refers to the age at which an individual can rec… #
Retirement age refers to the age at which an individual can receive a pension or retirement benefit, usually based on their years of service or contributions.
Retirement benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to individuals… #
Retirement benefit refers to a type of benefit paid to individuals who have retired or reached a certain age, usually in the form of a monthly payment or ongoing benefits.
Right to benefits refers to the entitlement or eligibili… #
Right to benefits refers to the entitlement or eligibility of an individual to receive social security benefits or services, usually based on their contributions, years of service, or other criteria.
Social assistance refers to a type of benefit or service pr… #
Social assistance refers to a type of benefit or service provided to individuals who are in need, usually due to poverty, disability, or other social or economic circumstances.
Social insurance refers to a type of insurance that provides co… #
Social insurance refers to a type of insurance that provides coverage for individuals against social or economic risks